Overview of Oral Contraceptives (The Pill)
Oral contraceptives contain synthetic hormones and there are two types, combination pills and progestin-only pills. Progestin-only pills primarily work by thickening the cervical mucus and less often they prevent ovulation. Taking birth control pills daily maintains the level of hormones that is needed to prevent pregnancy.
How It Works
Progestin-only pills primarily work by thickening the cervical mucus and less often they prevent ovulation. Taking birth control pills daily maintains the level of hormones that is needed to prevent pregnancy. Combination pills contain both estrogen and progestin and mainly work by preventing the ovaries from releasing eggs (ovulation) and by making the lining of the uterus thinner. They also thicken the cervical mucus, which helps to prevent the entry of sperm into the uterus. They require a visit with a healthcare provider to get a prescription, and a visit to the pharmacy to get the pills.
Efficacy
Typical use: 92%
Perfect use: 99.7%
Advantages
- Predictable regular menstrual cycles
- Highly effective
- Does not interfere with sex
- Usually lighter menstrual bleeding and less cramping
- May decrease PMS symptoms
- Long-term reduction in risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers
- May improve acne
- Can be taken continuously to decrease the number of periods
Disadvantages
- Need to remember to take pill daily at same time
- Some people experience unscheduled bleeding (usually resolves in 2-3 cycles)
- Significant higher risk for medical complications in smokers
- Offers no protection against sexually transmitted infections
- Some side effects
Availability
Available at SHCS Medical Services by prescription